～から、～ / ~, so ~

AからB

means "A, so B.". A is the reason for B. At first, see what sentence for A.

きょうは　こどもの　たんじょうび　です

"きょう/today", "こども/child", "たんじょうび/birthday". so it means "Today is a birthday of (my) child.". We will put this sentence in A as a reason. For the second, we think about what to put in B.

はやく　かえります

"はやく/early","かえります/go back home". it means "I go back home early". This sentence is for B. 

きょうは　こどもの　たんじょうび　ですから、はやく　かえります。

this is a long sentence. But don't afraid. this is "AからB / A, so B" grammer.

「きょうは　こどもの　たんじょうび　です」から、「はやく　かえります。」

A is a reason, B is main action. It can be translate as "Because A, B.". So, this sentence means "Today is a birthday of (my) child, so I go back home early.".

わたしは にほんごが すこし わかります / I understand Japanese a little.

すこし

means "a little". 

わかります

means "understand".

すこし　わかります

means "understand a little".

にほんごが　すこし　わかります

means "understand Japanese a little".

わたしは　にほんごが　すこし　わかります

means "I understand Japanese a little".

さくらは きれいな はなです / Cherry blossoms are beautiful flowers.

さくら

means "Cherry blossoms".

きれいな

means "beautiful" which is adjective. and it's end with "な", so it called as na-adjective.

はな

means "flower".

きれいな　はな

means "beautiful flower". You can put an adjective just in front of the noun.

さくらは　きれいな　はなです

means "Cherry blossoms are beautiful flowers.". this is "A is B" grammer.

ふじさんは　たかい　やまです。

"ふじさん/Mt.Fuji", "たかい/high, tall", "やま/mountain". In the same way, this means "Mt. Fuji is a tall mountain". 

However, this adjective "たかい" is of another type of adjective. This is called i-adjective, because this is ending with "i". 

There are two types of adjective. One is i-adjective, another is na-adjective. Please keep in mind.

ふじさんは たかいです。/ Mt. Fuji is high.

AはBです。

use "A is B" grammer to explain about A with the adjective B.

ふじさんは　たかいです

ふじさん/Mt. Fuji. たかい/high. it means "Mt. Fuji is high.". I introduce common usuful adjectives with example sentences in the following.

さくらは　きれいです

"さくら / Cherry Blossoms", "きれい/beautiful". It means "The cherry blossoms are beautiful."

もう メールを おくりました / I sent mail already.

もう

this means "already".

おくります

おくりました

these are the verb in present and past tense for "send".

もう　メールを　おくりました

this means "I sent mail already.".

まいけるに おかしを もらいました。/I got snacks from Micheal.

に

this is the particle, which means "from" in this case. This particle has another meanning "to". It's confusing...

まいけるに

means "from Micheal.".

もらいます

もらいました

the above one is in a present tense for "get". the below is in past.

まいけるに　おかしを　もらいました。

It means "I got snacks from Micheal.".

まいけるから　おかしを　もらいました。

I change "に" to "から". However, it means the same. Maybe it's easier to use this one for English speaker. Because "から" has only meaning of "from", while the particle "に" have different meanings depending of cases.

だれに　おかしを　もらいました　か？

You can ask "who you got snacks from" with this. "だれに" means "from who", whici you can say "だれから" instead.

だれから　おかしを　もらいました　か？

this means also "From who did you get snacks?".

わたしは たなかさんに おかしを あげます / I give snacks to Tanaka-san.

たなかさん

this is a name of person. "Tanaka-san".

おかし

it means "snacks, sweets, candy".

あげます

this means "give".

に

this particle means "to". 

たなかさんに

it means "to Tanaka-san".

わたしは　たなかさんに　おかしを　あげます

it means "I give snacks to Tanaka-san.".